Color and Congenital Blindness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Color and Congenital Blindness - Essay Example It is a very shoddy fallacy to suggest that one who is blind is unable to see anything at all as blindness has various segregated levels, each of which is measurable and each of which highlight the fact that there are various discrepancies in blindness itself. The group of people who are totally blind and cannot visualize and state such as those of darkness and light are called "NLPS". Then there are people who can partially identify illuminations of black and white (dark or bright) and finally there are people who not only identify but can also point out toward the direction of the lighting source. This further advocates the fact discussed above that blind people too have a partial sense of visualization. Color blindness is another abnormal condition which is misunderstood. It is characterized by the incapability to evidently differentiate dissimilar colors of the band. The difficulties can range from mild to severe and generally color blind people do have partial vision. It is an ambiguous phrase since people with color sightlessness are not blind, while they generally visualize colors in a restricted variety of shades. Generally color blind people do have partial vision and it is very rare that those who are color blind may not see any colors at all. a) The majority of the visual impairments are caused either by illness or by undernourishment. Both of them either affect the brain or straightforwardly harm the eye. There is a growing threat of congenital blindness in the countries that are facing a food scarcity and have not been able to overcome it. b) The next factor that mostly influences the occurrence of blindness or color blindness is injury to the eye. Even though they are accidental in nature, such injuries can fully take away a human being's sight or the ability to distinguish between colors. Hence it is very important, that these injuries are treated as soon as possible to avoid complexities and further harmful implications. c) Genes also have a major role to play in finding out whether a person is blind or not. On a general note, individuals with albinism experience from visual mutilation to the scope that majority are declared blind legally, despite the fact that only some of them are unable to see. d) A minute bit of all cases of sightlessness is by means of the ingestion of some chemicals. A common example is a chemical known as methanol that is considered a cheaper and regular alternate for alcoholic beverages. Now that we have discussed the various types and factors behind blindness it is necessary to observe how an eye works and consequently have a glance at the various reasons behind color blindness. The usual retina of a human being has a couple of types of light sensitive cells: the rod cells, which are vigorous in low light and the cone cells, which are lively in normal daylight. Generally, there are three kinds of cones, each containing a different pigment and in effect covering the entire gamut of colors. An irregularity in any one of theses comes is the reason for a human being to be color blind. The main types of color blindness are stated as under: a) Dichromatic: This case takes place when one of the cone pigments is absent and color is condensed to a couple of dimensions. The people affected by this try to use the remaining two cones to

The Role of Superstition Essay Example for Free

The Role of Superstition Essay Superstition is a recurring theme in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Superstition is defined in Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 10th Edition as â€Å"a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance. † Mark Twain effectively uses superstition to both foreshadow events and to contrast the personalities of the characters in the book. The â€Å"more sivilized† characters of the book do not believe in superstition, but the less educated characters, such as Huck and Jim, often make decisions based on their belief in superstition. While several of the lesser characters in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn believe in superstitions, it is Huck and Jim, the two main characters of the novel, who reveal that they live according to their superstitions. For example, in Chapter 4, Huck, who is then staying at Widow Douglas’ house, sees a spider crawling up his shoulder. He flicks the spider and it lands in a burning candle, shrivels up and dies. â€Å"I flipped it off and it lit in the candle; and before I could budge, it was all shriveled up. I didn’t need anyone to tell me that was an awful bad sign† (p. 3). According to Huck, killing a spider can bring bad luck. In an effort to reverse the bad omen, Huck turns around three times, each time crossing his breast, and then ties up a little lock of his hair to keep the witches away. Huck isn’t even sure this ritual will work for killing a spider, as it was intended for another bad omen, but he feels compelled to try to do something, so strong are his superstitious beliefs. Huck encounters another superstition Chapter IV of the novel. Huck, who is living with the Widow Douglas, spills the salt and immediately tries to reverse the bad luck by tossing the salt over his left shoulder. Miss Watson, who has recently come to live with her sister, the Widow Douglas, stops him, however, and this causes Huck to worry because he cannot finish his ritual. â€Å"I reached over for some of it as quik as I could to throw over my left shoulder to keep off the bad luck†¦feeling all worried and shaky, and wondering where it was going to fall on me, and what it was going to be† says Huck (p. 13). Miss Watson, along with Widow Douglas, along with many of the more civilized people of the novel do not believe in superstitions the same way as do slaves and less civilized people. Miss Watson will not let Huck toss the salt over his shoulder because she is trying to provide him with a good civilized and educated upbringing. According to Jim, one of the worst things you can do is touch a snakeskin. Huck does just this after faking his death at the cabin and discovering Jim at Jackson Island. The first sign that the snakeskin is actually causing bad luck is when Huck decides to play a trick on Jim. Huck takes the dead rattlesnake that he has killed and put it near where Jim will be sleeping in the cave to scare him. Huck forgets that a snake’s mate curls up beside its dead mate. When Jim got into bed that night the dead snakes mate bites Jim on the heel, causing Jim to be unable to walk for a time. Touching a snakeskin is supposed to be so bad that Jim says that he would rather look at a new moon a thousand times over his left shoulder than touch a snakeskin. â€Å"I awluz ‘spected dat rattlesnake-skin waren’t done wid it’s work† (p.90) says Jim after his and Huck’s raft is torn apart by the steamboat. Jim, who tends to be more superstitious than Huck, introduces Huck to many superstitions he had never heard before. According to Jim, †¦you mustn’t count the things you are going to cook for dinner, because that would bring bad luck. The same if you shook the tablecloth after sundown. And he said if a man owned a beehive and that man died, the bees must be told about it before sunup next morning, or else the bees would all weaken down and quit work and die (p.39). When Huck decides to catch some young birds â€Å"flying a yard or two at a time and lighting†(p. 39), Jim will not let him because he says it will bring death. â€Å"He [Jim] said his father laid mighty sick once, and some of them catched a bird, and his old granny said his father would die, and he did. † (p. 39). It is generally believed that many of the superstitions found in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn originated with the slaves and then spread throughout the South. Through his writing, Mark Twain infers to the reader that mainly the slaves, the uneducated, and the unreligious believed in the superstitions. Huck, being poor and uneducated, believed in them because his Pap, who was found with a cross in his boot to keep the witches away, raised him to believe that way. Likewise, Jim, who was a slave, also believed in superstitions. The theme of superstition in the book by Twain serves two purposes – it makes the reader wonder what will happen next and also accurately portrays the various levels of society of the time.

Sociological Imagination Essay examples -- Sociology

To understand the term `Sociological Imagination', it is important to identify what Sociology is and what do sociologists study. It is also vital to look at the three basic concerns of the sociological imagination or perspective, which include Social Structure, Social Institutions and Social Processes. Moreover, it is necessary to understand what C. Wright Mills means when he mentions "the personal troubles of milieu" and "the public issues of social structure", and how it helps us to understand the society in which we live in. What is `Sociological Imagination'? To answer this question a person must first know what Sociology is. Sargent (1994) states that "There is no short answer... however, we can come to understand the nature of Sociology." It may be explained as the study of society. R.Van Kraken et all (2000) explains it in a more complex sense as "the description and analysis of the social forces that shape human behavior in contemporary social life." Sociological imagination is central to the study of society because it allows many of the perso...

Form, Content, and Subject Matter

Form, Content, and Subject Matter GENZ 220Z-Art Critique Paper Shelby M. Dykes In this paper, I will discuss the form, content, and subject matter of three different paintings. Each of the paintings represents the following: representational painting, abstract painting, and a portrait. The paintings I have chosen are: Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks 1942, Wassily Kodinsky’s Colour Studies: Squares and Concentrentic Circles 1913, and Pablo Picasso’s Self-Portrait 1907. Representational paintings show clear objects or events and have a clear subject matter in the painting.The subject matter is quite evident in Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks. The subject matter is the dominating, brightly lit diner. The diner is proportionately large. It is built on mostly straight lines, both vertical and horizontal. With the exception of the curve located at the intersection of the two streets. The line of the ceiling of the diner and the line of the green window ledge intersect wit h the vertical lines depicted by the window frame. The interaction of the horizontal and vertical lines seems to be an essential element in the painting.It produces a pronounced angularity in shape. The overall shape is a rectangle. This is seen with the windows of the diner, as well as, the vertical rectangle in the building in the background. I notice a triangle formed by the silver light on the background building’s window. The lines formed by the diner window seem to trap the people inside the ominous diner. The dramatic uses of light colors against dark colors add variety to the painting and give the painting the feeling of depth. The darkness seen outside the window really gives a feeling of impending doom to the customers inside.Outside, there is no one seen walking the street. The yellows painted show the electric light from inside the diner. This achieved by the high value of the yellow. The low value of green is evident in the building in the background. The brillia nt streak of green along the window sill is a great example of green at its saturation. The building is proportionately larger than the patrons sitting inside. The diner gives a feeling of doom and loneliness; this is the content. It seems as if Hopper wants us to see the people dining, but he does not emphasize the human element in the painting.It is strange that the window does not show a reflection of the viewer looking into it. The man sitting at the corner of the counter is dark and looks sinister. Is he a â€Å"bad guy? † Even the coffee pot behind the counter seems proportionately larger than the people. The coffee pot dominates the size of the people. I don’t see a door in the diner, are the customers â€Å"trapped? † the painting brings the suggestion of â€Å"once upon time. † Edward Hopper’s, Nighthawks, is a clear example of a representational painting.Although I think other participants would agree that the diner is the subject matter and the form is clear, would a viewer agree with the ominous, scary feeling that I feel makes up the content? Wassily Kandisky’s, Colour Studies: Squares and Concentric Circles is the painting I have chosen to demonstrate abstract painting. Abstract art does not have a recognizable subject matter. Instead the color, form, line, and even texture are clearly the subject. It is completely non-representational; the content is the feeling evoked by the color and form, etc.This painting represents something that is not visual. It represents a sound, emotion, or experience. Upon looking at this painting, I can see that Kandinsky used careful planning in the painting of what at first seems like â€Å"just circles. † The painting is making my eye look at the contrast of the color and the contrast of the shapes. The composition is made up of twelve sections of relatively equal portioned circles that are inside of squared-off into divisional angles. The square shape consumes all the space of the overlapping colors created by the circles.The painting has perfect balance, movement, rhythm, proportion, variety, and unity! Even texture is achieved by the circular lines and brush strokes. I can almost picture Kandinsky’s brush moving around the painting in quick, swooping motions. The linear design of the painting is clear with the vertical and horizontal, fine lines painted as squares. Without a doubt, the â€Å"all-at –onceness† of the painting is created by the color. Kandinsky used such a wide range of color techniques that when I close my eyes upon viewing the painting, the image is still present.The colors are bright primary and secondary colors mixed with more earthy hues. The two overlapping circles on the bottom left are made evident by the low value of the green mixing with the saturated red to create almost a black. The contrast created by the black and yellow square touching is eye-catching. The gradation in the upper left square is evident by the continuous changes from the swirl surrounding the circle. It changes from yellow to green, then to blue and back to yellow! Can you feel the excitement in my description?This is what the painting makes me feel while participating. Despite the sectioned off circles and squares, the painting demonstrates unity. That is, the painting forms togetherness, despite contrasts of details and regions. The color also helps define the depth. As depth was clearly seen in Nighthawks, the depth of Colour Studie is not as readily evident. Look at the bottom left square. The circle seems somewhat flat. Now view the upper left square. It gives the feeling of protrusion. It seems as if the circle is popping out of the square.On the other hand, the circle located in the upper right square seems like it is sunken into a spiral. This is achieved by Kandinsky’s ability to use different hues at minimal and maximum values around each circle. The bottom left circle seems like it is lacking depth due to the constant use of the saturated red and no visible contrasting colors swirling around it. The abstract art, Colour Studies: Squares and Concentric Circles, creates an intense feeling of â€Å"here and now. † That is an element that is often lacking in the representational paintings.The portrait painting I have selected is Pablo Picasso’s, Self-Portrait 1907. This is another example of abstract, even though it has a clear subject matter. The subject matter of course, is the man depicted in the painting, Pablo Picasso. The paining however, clearly demonstrates excellent use of line, texture, and color. All are seen in a very simple, non-confusing form. The painting looks like something I could have created, or even something found in a â€Å"coloring book. † The lines are so apparent that it looks like an outline could have been made and almost filled in with color.If I had to make an assumption, I would think that Picasso started the painti ng with eyes. The â€Å"all-at-onceness† of this painting is achieved by the hugely proportionate eyes and bold lines surrounding them. The distinct, awakeness of the eyes seems evident with the bold lines and brown hue in the pupils. Why are his eyes so much larger than the rest of the painting? I actually don’t think that in true relation to the facial features they are larger. The nose is distinct, as well as the ears, but the eyes still seem largely dominating.The lines that make up the nose and cheekbones are vertical and create an up and down movement with the eye. However, the up and down movement is over-shadowed by the horizontal movement the bold eyebrow line creates. Also over-shadowing is the circular bold lines of the eyes and eye lid creases. The lines making up the mouth are so much smaller. The color of the lips closely resembles the same hue of the surrounding skin itself. Did Picasso want us to see his eyes more blatantly or is that just the way he sa w himself, awake and aware? The lines painted also seem to be apparently painted with direct diagonal strokes.The line making up the forehead seems to come to a point of the jaw and cheek bone if it were extended. The diagonal lines in the collar of the shirt create shapes and give dimension without the use of heavy shading, which is so apparent in representational pieces. There is some slight shading on his right lapelle. This is created by variations in the value of the pale green color and darker olive green color created. I also notice the vertical symmetry achieved by the straight line from the nose, to the upper lip, and continued down to the straight line in the shirt.These vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines all come together to give the painting balance. Texture may be seen in the brush strokes of the hair. Each stroke seems uniquely defined with a bit of space left between them to give the impression of the hair stranded â€Å"clumping† together on the forehead . Texture is also seen is the redness created in the skin surrounding the nose. The skin appears to be rougher in touch in the areas. Texture in the painting is created on both the right and left of the jaw in the orange background.The viewer’s right side seems to have less paint giving it a high value of orange. The viewer’s left side of the painting seems like more paint was used to create a low value of the orange. The color used creates that of warm feelings. The earth tones seen are orange, brown, peach, and pale green. Look at the value of color in the ear. You can see where white was added to the lobe of the ear in comparison to the distinct peach found in the inner ear. The pink added above the eye brow is also seen under the eye, on the side of the nose, and under the tough jaw line.This does give the perception of depth in the facial features. The portrait of Picasso is clear in content. He evokes feelings of awareness, even though he appears to be wearing so mething similar to that of a â€Å"Halloween mask. † The portrait is distinctly abstract, although clear subject matter is defined. In conclusion, the three works of art chosen represent three different types of paintings. All have distinct content, even though the subject matter is not always apparent. This shows that both subject matter and form will help the viewer participate in the art work to determine the content.

Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage Essay

Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage Posted on April 2, 2012 by admin in Marketing. The main characteristics of the maturity stage which help to define the appropriate marketing strategies are Sales of most product forms and brands eventually decline Decline may be due to Technical advances which lead to better substitutes Change in customer taste with time Increase in competition Lower sales volume leads to Over capacity Increases price cutting Profit erosion Carrying a weak product may be very costly if there are no suitable strategic reasons to keep the prodict alive in the market. To handle declining sales, marketing strategy could be Increase firms invest to dominate market/strength competitive position Maintain investments in innovations and R&D until uncertainties above industry are resolved Decrease firms invest, selectively by dropping unprofitable products and focus on nice areas and profitable products Harvesting or divesting the product as per the GE Matrix strategic growth model. Appropriate marketing strategy for this phase depends completely on Industry’s relative attractiveness and Company’s strength in the industry. If the industry is attractive and company has significant strength in the industry then the company may decide to hold the product or brand even if sales volume decline during this phase. Post Tagged with Decline Stage, Marketing Strategy, PLC ↠ Previous Post If you enjoyed this article please consider sharing it! Next Post → Like crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 1/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA Search Categories open all | close all Banking (114) Finance Wiki (183) HRM (9) Important Alert/News (95) Marketing (23) Online Fraud (1) Operations (20) Practice Tests (115) Previous Papers (24) Quiz (505) Strategy (8) Systems/IT (38) E-Mail Subscription Enter your email address: crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 2/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA Subscribe Delivered by FeedBurner Pages open all | close all Finance Wiki Marketing Strategy Systems/IT HRM Operations Quiz Banking Alerts/News IBPS Online Fraud Recent Posts Previous Papers Practice Tests Tags Banking Awareness Quiz Banking Glossary Banking Quiz Banking Terms Banking Bonds Business Quiz Capital Market Computer Awareness Quiz Computer Quiz Data Quiz CMM Interpretation Debt Securities DI Different Funds English Exam Alert Finance Quiz Financial Ratio Analysis IBPS IBPS Quiz Interview Alert Logical Reasoning LR Marketing Marketing Awareness Quiz Marketing Quiz Mathematics MBA Admission crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 3/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA MBA Quiz Options PO MBA Result Alert Practice Test Previous Paper Probationary Officers Quantitative Aptitude RBI RBI Assistant Recruitment Alert Risk SBI SBI PO Exam Specialist Officers Verbal Ability .. Current Affairs Business News GK Quiz Updates Current Affairs India – 3 September 2013 Sep 3, 2013 1. Indian Parliament gave its nod to the landmark Food Security Bill yesterday which seeks to provide highly subsidised foodgrains to†¦ Current Affairs Global – 3 September 2013 Sep 3, 2013 1. Ronald Coase, the British-born US economist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1991, passed away yesterday in†¦ GK Quiz – 3 September 2013 Sep 3, 2013 GK Quiz – 3 September 2013 4401 â€Å"World Population Day† is observed on _____________. A) 6-July B)†¦ Microsoft to acquire Finish phone maker Nokia’s mobile phone unit Sep 3, 2013 Global tech giant Microsoft has agreed to acquire Finish mobile maker Nokia’s mobile phone business for 5.4 billion euros†¦ Verizon to acquire Vodafone’s 45% stake in its US business for USD 130 billion; one of the largest deals in corporate history Sep 3, 2013 US mobile giant Verizon Communicat ions Inc agreed to acquire Vodafone Group Plc’s 45% stake in Verizon Wireless in a†¦ crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 4/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA CrackM BA – If it’s ’bout M BA, it’s @ CrackM BA. Colorway WordPress Theme by InkThemes.com crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 5/5

Teen Influences to Use Marijuana †Health Essay

Teen Influences to Use Marijuana – Health Essay Free Online Research Papers Among all illicit drugs marijuana is the most commonly used drug by teenagers. Its effects give the user a â€Å"lifted† feeling. The long-term effects of marijuana are ten times worse than tobacco. Marijuana is the most highly illegal used drug by teenagers because of its feel good effects and how easy it is to obtain. Most teens use marijuana out of curiosity. They hear about it in school and wonder how it will make them feel. Peer pressure, the influence of other family members, and disagreements with parents is some other major reasons teens use it. The influence of peers and family members is a major reason why teens decide to smoke marijuana. When pressure is put on most teens, they have a major desire to become accepted, or fill some type space where they think they need to be at, and they really don’t need to. Some teens will do anything to fill that space, and they will fall into drugs, sex, crime, etc. Other influences include anxiety, anger, depression, boredom, and a number of other things. The rate of marijuana use does not differentiate among race; the use percentage among all races is about the same. (Marijuana) Marijuana is used in many different ways. The most popular and longest used method is the joint. A joint is a hand rolled cigarette with marijuana inside. Blunts are also becoming more popular. A blunt is a cigar in which the tobacco is replaced with marijuana. Other methods include using glass tubes, also known as bongs, pipes, and eating. An example is mixing marijuana with brownie mix and baking it. Other bizarre ways to use marijuana include using an apple as pipe, and using other objects such as milk cartons, or soda bottles. Marijuana is also used in many combinations with other drugs. Joints are sometimes dipped into PCP and smoked. Mixing marijuana with other drugs may increase the intoxicating effects, depending on the type of drug it is mixed with and the type of marijuana it is. Obtaining marijuana is very easy. Most teenagers obtain marijuana for free by being share it with their friends. Females are more likely to share than males. Most males buy their marijuana. Marijuana is easily purchased at school or in local neighborhoods. It can be obtained from friends or from the â€Å"neighborhood dope man†. It can also be grown. In most schools across the United States there is at least one drug dealer. It’s very easy to obtain and buy.(method) A number of different things can happen to marijuana users. They become may overly interested in ordinary, everyday things. They forget about other important things and focus on silly things. For example, the user might find his/ her shoe very interesting to look at. They may focus on it for long periods of time. Also, time seems to pass very slowly. To someone that is high, minutes feel like hours. This makes the effects of marijuana feel even longer than the three or four hours they really last. The user feels relaxed and his/her blood pressure drops below normal. This happens because marijuana makes the blood vessels expand. Along with these effects there is a loss of balance and disorientation. The user becomes very sleepy and feels loose, causing a tired feeling while under the influence of marijuana. The user might become very hungry and has a sudden urge to eat a lot of food. This effect is called having the â€Å"munchies†. While using marijuana, the user’s mout h may also become very dry. This effect is called having â€Å"cottonmouth†. Depending on what type of marijuana there may be hallucinations. (Neuroscience) The effects of marijuana are determined by several different things. The first is what type of marijuana that is taken. A type of marijuana called chronic causes you to have different types of hallucinations. Second, what other drugs marijuana is mixed with. Third is the way it is taken. The effects of smoking come quicker but last shorter when it is smoked. When it is eaten the effects come slower and last much longer. The fourth thing is the user’s anticipation. This means what the user thinks is going to happen. Finally the effects are determined by where the drug is taken. (Marijuana) Is marijuana addictive? It’s definitely not as addicting as alcohol or cocaine. But, marijuana does show addictive properties. Humans do show signs of withdrawal when away from regular use of a drug. In spite of this statement the drug is still very controllable. Because of the ability to control use of the drug is another reason why teens choose to turn to marijuana. Some teens may be chronic users and truly are addicted to the drug. The addiction part is much more mental than it is physical. The person thinks that they have to have the drug. They think that they have to get it. But really, it’s just because they like the effects of it and they desire more of it. (Marijuana What) Marijuana goes by many different names. In fact there are over 1000 different aliases for this one drug. The most popular include, â€Å"pot,† â€Å"weed,† â€Å"Mary Jane,† â€Å"refer,† and â€Å"bud†. Others include â€Å"boom,† â€Å"grass,† â€Å"green,† â€Å"stank,† â€Å"dat stuff,† â€Å"skunk,† â€Å"kush,† and â€Å"dank.† Marijuana can also be named after the dealer that gives it to you. Other influences to use marijuana come from mass media. For example, in music, Three 6 Mafia has a song called â€Å"Bin Laden†. In the first verse DJ Paul, a member of the rap group, says, â€Å"I swear sometimes I got to get high to hang around my h, Sometimes I feel I got to get high to hang round n I know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Three 6 Mafia) Three 6 Mafia is a rap group known for their catchy beats and hard lyrics. They are role models and people, especially teens, look up to them. If they talk about smoking marijuana in their songs then that’s what their listeners are going to be influenced to do. Another way from the media is through movies. The movie â€Å"Friday† is about two friends, Smokey (Chris Tucker) and Craig (Ice Cube), which live in the hood in Los Angeles, CA. Smokey gets some weed from the neighborhood dope dealer Big Worm (Faizon Love) and volunteers to sell it for him. Instead Smokey lives up to his name and smokes up all the weed, and he gets Crai g started on it too. But Big Worm says he needs his money by ten o’clock that night, so they go through a number of tasks to try to get the money.(Friday) I’ve seen the movie, it’s hilarious, and when you make smoking marijuana funny it tells teens that if they smoke marijuana they will be funny also. Others include television shows, jewelry, and clothing. As you can see, there are many different reasons why marijuana is turned to. These influences are just going to keep growing. The more teens are influenced the more they are going to influence. That’s with everything, not just marijuana. But because of the influences listed above, marijuana is the most illegally used drug by teens. Research Papers on Teen Influences to Use Marijuana - Health EssayUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is Art

The Light of Liturgy essays

The Light of Liturgy essays In the reading of Exposition of the Ancient Gallican Liturgy, St. Germanus explains the Gallican Mass. One main idea that is clear is during the liturgy music is used at certain points and that the music has certain meanings and structures. The Gallican Mass is made up of different sections. There are two main sections: Fore-mass and the Eucharist. The Fore-mass is broken down into the Preface, Kyrie and Gloria, Readings, Silence, the Aius, Prophecy, the Prophet and the Apostle, the Hymn, Gospel. The Eucharist consists of the Homilies, Prayer, Catechumens, Sonum, Lords Prayer and the Blessing. In this paper only the Fore-mass will be discussed with example of music structure. The description from the Exposition of the Ancient Gallican Liturgy mainly is a description of a mass service which would have place during the eight century A.D. Just to give a quick history of the meaning of liturgy. The word liturgy comes from the Greek word leitourgia, which means public work. This is so because the liturgy is perceived to be when a group of people gather around an altar and prepare for the sacrifice of the Lamb of God. For such an event to take place there would be need for a very structured ritual. Hence we have a liturgy. The Gallican mass began by a Preference. The basic introduction began by opening with a hymn of the Lords death (p. 165). The meaning toward the song is about the Lords death. This song may be used to help the congregation in preserving life and eternal peace as well as rooting out evil. The sung portion of the introduction has two chanting styles. Using the example on page 8 in the NAWM, the first way is used to sing the psalm. The melody has basically the same pitch. Style two has more notes which mean its the antiphon or the music that precedes the psalm. The Readings follow the Preference, but first there is an antiphon that beings the section of the Reading,...

Comparing Past Participles in Spanish and English

Comparing Past Participles in Spanish and English You dont have to look far to see the close relationship between English and the languages derived from Latin. While the similarities are most obvious in vocabulary, English also includes key aspects of its grammar that have analogs in Latin-based languages, including Spanish. Among them is the past participle, an extremely useful type of word that can be used, in English as well as Spanish, as either part of a verb form or as an adjective. Forms Taken by Past Participles Past participles in English arent always as obvious as they are in Spanish, because they often take the same form as the past tense, in that they usually end in -ed. In the verb form, you can tell when an -ed verb is functioning as a past participle in that it is combined with some form of the verb to have. For example, worked is a past-tense verb in the sentence I worked but a past participle in I have worked. Less commonly, a past participle can also be used in the passive voice: In The play is produced, produced is a past participle. Spanish past participles typically end in -ado or -ido, thus bearing a vague similarity to the English equivalents. But their form is distinct from the simple past tenses, which include words such as comprà © (I bought) and vinieron (they came). Both Spanish and English have numerous irregular past participles, especially of common verbs. In English, many, but far from all, end in -en: broken, driven, given, seen. Others dont follow that pattern: made, hurt, heard, done. In Spanish, nearly all of the irregular past participles end in -cho or -to: dicho, from decir (to say); hecho, from hacer (to make or to do); puesto, from poner (to put); and visto, from ver (ver). Here are some of the most common irregular past participles in Spanish: Abierto (from abrir, to open)Cubierto (from cubrir, to cover)Escrito (from escribir, to write)Frito (from freà ­r, to fry)Impreso (from imprimir, to print)Muerto (from morir, to die)Roto (from romper, to break)Vuelto (from volver, to return) Using Past Participles as Adjectives Another similarity between English and Spanish is that past participles are frequently used as adjectives. Here are a few examples that the two languages share: Estoy satisfecho. (Im satisfied.)Los Estados Unidos. (The United States.)El hombre confundido. (The confused man.)Pollo frito. (Fried chicken.) In fact, while it often is awkward to do so, most verbs in either language can be converted to adjectives by using the past participle. Because they function as adjectives in such Spanish usages, they must agree in both number and gender with the nouns they accompany. The same is true in Spanish when the past participle follows a form of either ser or estar, both of which are translated as to be. Examples: Los regalos fueron envueltos. (The gifts were wrapped.)Las computadoras fueron rotas. (The computers were broken.)Estoy cansada. (I am tired, said by a female.)Estoy cansado. (I am tired, said by a male.) In Spanish, many past participles can also be used as nouns, simply because adjectives can be freely used as nouns when the context makes their meaning clear. One sometimes seen in news stories is los desaparacidos, referring to those who have disappeared due to oppression. Frequently, adjectives used as nouns are translated using the English one as in los escondidos, the hidden ones, and el colorado, the colored one. This phenomenon also appears in English, although less commonly in Spanish. For example, we might talk about the lost or the forgotten where lost and forgotten functioning as nouns.) Using the Past Participle for the Perfect Tenses The other major use of the past participle is to combine with the verb haber in Spanish or to have: in English (the verbs probably have a common origin) to form the perfect tenses. Generally speaking, the perfect tenses are used to refer to actions that are or will be completed: He hablado. (I have spoken.)Habr salido. (She will have left.) ¿Has comido?  (Have you eaten?) As you can see, the past participle is one of the ways that verbs in both Spanish and English gain their versatility and flexibility. Watch for uses of the past participle in your reading, and you may be surprised to see how often the word form is put to good use. Key Takeaways Past participles function very similarly in English and Spanish, as they are both verb forms that can function as adjectives and sometimes as nouns.Past participles combine with haber in Spanish and have in English to form the perfect tenses.Regular past participles end in -ed in English and -ado or -ido in Spanish.

Ethics of Euthanasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics of Euthanasia - Essay Example This is because it defines the extent to which institutional leaders and the political class are trusted to act with the interest of the public. This trust defines the public expectations on its government. Therefore, the public form an attitude based on the values and expectations they have from their government. A government that operates without integrity will have its citizens have a negative attitude from it and as such decline their support for any programs intended by the government or even their policies will be suspected and feared. Additionally, Trust promotes development (Frederickson, & Ghere, 2013). This is because trust in the institutions is critical for the success of most government policies, programs and other regulations that the citizens should cooperate and comply with. Governments and institutional policies are thus supposed to be made in a process that is conducive to trust. The strength of the institutions is determined but the process of policy making and as such translates to the public trust in the governments. The public trust gives the government ease of policy making and enforcement because the public attitude is good about the government and it policies. Moreover, trust is very essential all for the key economic activities especially finance (Haggard, & Tiede, 2011). Trust will ensure an increased confidence of the investors as well as that of consumers. There is need for implementation of open government policies that involve partnerships with the private sector and even the civil societies. The increased investor confidence due to this openness will result in to good investments that would translate to the overall growth of the economy. Lack of integrity on the other hand will result in to the loss of public trust in the government and its institutions. This will scare away investors, consumers will not have the confidence in the same and this will result in stagnation of economic growth. Finally, the most important

Audit Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Audit - Case Study Example The auditor should consider whether to acknowledge the commitment since inherent risk increases the generally risk of the audit. It is often beneficial to set aside transactions into three types- routine, non-routine, and evaluation when valuing inherent risk.   Little Digger’s auditors may not use the system that gives the precise outcome to them, the result is mainly inherited by the risk factors as this system is applied to just a small section of the population as opposed to the whole population. This is prone to the misstatement that is said to be the inherent risk. The term inherent risk is applied in auditing and accounting, if there is higher likelihood of material misstatement within the  financial statement, the inherent risk is considered high .It is also used for the misstatement of the business that is there in the financial statement. If the auditors will not lookout at these inherent perils, there would be more inaccuracies in the financial statement, which certainly will lead the organization to the incorrect direction, and consequently the financial statement will not be presenting accurate and just outlook. The auditors had to come up with ways of making an error free or inherent risk free financial statement in order to make their company move in the precise direction by formulating correct assessments .As per the auditor’s opinion, inherent risk improves the auditor's peril as the inherent risk is an element of it. It is therefore essential to minimize the inherent risk in order to diminish the auditor’s risk. Because of this, the auditors can make improper decisions because the proof to back such view will be false.   Detection risk Detection risk is essentially the risk that the measures applied by the auditors will fail to identify material misstatements in the financial accounts. Auditors in Little Diggers Ltd have to ensure accuracy and efficiency in the business with regard to the asset management, transactio ns, and their documentation in the monetary accounts. Besides this, the auditors look for various methods that aid them in measuring future risks that may affect their business. Auditors use a variety of methods to measure the risk, mainly the  risk due to material misstatement Detection risk is allied to other relations i.e. the trade risk, material misstatement risk and its two major elements, which are the control risk and the inherent risk in general. If the material misstatement risk rises, it will lower the detection risk hence the auditors risk increases. The material risk increases when its essentials; control risk and inherent risk increase. The correlation of the risks will assist the administration and the auditors to try such diverse useful ways that will help reduce on risk levels. Control risk Control risk is the likelihood that a material misstatement exists in an allegation since either that misstatement was not barred from entering entity’s economic stateme nts or it was not identified and approved by the internal control system of the unit. It is the duty of the organization and those responsible with authority to execute internal control system and uphold it properly. However if internal control system is discovering and correcting misstatements then inherent harms will creep in

The Likely Impact of the Basel II Accord on Shipping Finance Dissertation

The Likely Impact of the Basel II Accord on Shipping Finance - Dissertation Example 3 Data Collection and Analysis 31 D) 3.4 Limitations 32 VI Chapter 4: Results 33 A) 4.1 Findings 33 B) 4.2 Alternatives to shipping trade Finance 35 4.2.1 Ship Mortgage Indemnities 35 4.2.2 Residual Value Insurance 35 4.3.3 Boutique Financing 36 B) 4.3 Financial instruments 36 4.2.1 Hedging 37 C) 4.3. Development banks 39 VII Chapter 5: Discussion 40 VIII Chapter 6: Conclusions 42 Reference List 43 List of Figures, List of Tables, and List of abbreviations I Figures Figure 1 7 Figure 2 13 Figure 3 14 Figure 4 18 Figure 5 20 Figure 6 21 Figure 7 26 Figure 8 33 Figure 9 33 Figure 10 34 Figure 11 35 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision developed a set of rules in relation to the capital adequacy requirement for banks in 1988 known as Basel 1 which primarily targeted credit risk and which made it a requirement that banks â€Å"hold capital equal at least 8% of the risk-weighted assets† (Fortis, 2008, p.20). Under the Basel I Accord â €Å"...the amount of capital being put aside by a bank as a type of ‘buffer’ for the risk taken was very simple and standardized.† (Fortis, 2008) However, the Basel Committee of Banking Supervision needing a more risk-sensitive approach to capital requirements as well as needing to incorporate â€Å"more advanced modeling and risk management in the regulatory banking system...designed a new worldwide framework† referred to as Basel II which replaced the existing Basel I legislation (Fortis, 2008, p.120). It is held that Basel II and the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD) should enable effective operation within the European Financial Single Market and to enable competition with â€Å"peer institutions on a level playing field.† (Fortis, 2008) Stated as the purpose of Basel II is â€Å"to improve... The main purpose of the research is to present that the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision developed a set of rules in relation to the capital adequacy requirement for banks in 1988 known as Basel 1 which primarily targeted credit risk and which made it a requirement that banks â€Å"hold capital equal at least 8% of the risk-weighted assets†. Under the Basel I Accord â€Å"...the amount of capital being put aside by a bank as a type of ‘buffer’ for the risk taken was very simple and standardized.† However, the Basel Committee of Banking Supervision needing a more risk-sensitive approach to capital requirements as well as needing to incorporate â€Å"more advanced modeling and risk management in the regulatory banking system...designed a new worldwide framework† referred to as Basel II which replaced the existing Basel I legislation. It is held that Basel II and the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD) should enable effective operation within the European Financial Single Market and to enable competition with â€Å"peer institutions on a level playing field.† Stated as the purpose of Basel II is â€Å"to improve the stability and soundness of the financial system by more closely linking capital requirements to risks and by promoting a more forward-looking approach to capital management†. In addition the Basel II has the objective of maintaining the â€Å"aggregate level of minimum capital requirements, while also providing incentives to adopt more risk-sensitive approaches.

Matrix review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Matrix review - Essay Example In regard to Richard Paul article, critical thinkers remain as those who can see past what is before them and inquire more to get the reality. He insists on the value of critical thinking to evade delusions and find the reality of things commonly perceived real. The three emphasize on the existence of illusions plus reality and how the society should perceive them in deeper thought. 2) How does the film "Inception" reflect how powerful people gain access to our unconscious mind? Stated differently, what does the film attempt to tell us about how media influence our deepest sense of unconscious desires and world/political view? In Inception, Dominic Cobb, the dream architects specialized in stealing or implanting information in people’s dreams when they were vulnerable most. In likening to that movie, the media also gains entry to people’s mind unconsciously and influence their desires or political view through constant advertisements or positive recommendations of certain candidates. An excellent example entails the media constantly advertising a certain product. People unconsciously become influenced into liking or purchasing that product. In the movie, The Matrix, the actor, Neo becomes pulled from a given kind of cave and comes to view the real world from another perspective. In likening the matrix to Plato’s allegory about the cave as Neo come to realize that the world he knew before was an illusion just like the prisoner who climbed out of the cave, and realized a real world existed (Plato, 2010). Neo in discovering that his old world was an illusion becomes likened to the shadows that existed in the cave and the other prisoners though were real. Plato insists that people often perceive illusions which they commonly think it’s real. Plato continues by saying that reality can only be perceived by individuals who free themselves and accept it (Plato, 2010). In the addition,

Admission questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Admission questions - Essay Example Since the role and responsibilities of a public affairs research analyst includes analyzing and creating a general program on state legislative issues that will help support the entire State and Local government affairs, it is crucial on my part to have a good insight with regards to how public policies are being created. To enable me achieve my professional goal, I intend to work in the local government as a researcher on government-related affairs. Having at least one or two years of work experience in this field will increase my internet research skills which is necessary in keeping myself updated with the current political issues that is going on in our country. Aside from strengthening my oral and written communication skills, taking the job as a researcher will allow me to become more familiar with regards to the process behind the state legislative regulations. Back in 1951, six European states came into an economic agreement forming the European Union (EU). Today, there are 27 countries across European continent as members of the EU (Central Intelligence Agency). These countries include: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and UK (ibid). Given that the concept of integrating the socio-economic and political activities of 27 countries into a single body is new, the European Union is going through a trial and errors process in order for them to be able to establish a single policy that will effectively work well for all members of the union. As a nation, political groups are expected to create balance and harmony between socio-economic rights and civil rights of the local citizens. I it understandable that establishing a single political group is necessary

Matrix review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Matrix review - Essay Example In regard to Richard Paul article, critical thinkers remain as those who can see past what is before them and inquire more to get the reality. He insists on the value of critical thinking to evade delusions and find the reality of things commonly perceived real. The three emphasize on the existence of illusions plus reality and how the society should perceive them in deeper thought. 2) How does the film "Inception" reflect how powerful people gain access to our unconscious mind? Stated differently, what does the film attempt to tell us about how media influence our deepest sense of unconscious desires and world/political view? In Inception, Dominic Cobb, the dream architects specialized in stealing or implanting information in people’s dreams when they were vulnerable most. In likening to that movie, the media also gains entry to people’s mind unconsciously and influence their desires or political view through constant advertisements or positive recommendations of certain candidates. An excellent example entails the media constantly advertising a certain product. People unconsciously become influenced into liking or purchasing that product. In the movie, The Matrix, the actor, Neo becomes pulled from a given kind of cave and comes to view the real world from another perspective. In likening the matrix to Plato’s allegory about the cave as Neo come to realize that the world he knew before was an illusion just like the prisoner who climbed out of the cave, and realized a real world existed (Plato, 2010). Neo in discovering that his old world was an illusion becomes likened to the shadows that existed in the cave and the other prisoners though were real. Plato insists that people often perceive illusions which they commonly think it’s real. Plato continues by saying that reality can only be perceived by individuals who free themselves and accept it (Plato, 2010). In the addition,

Discourse Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Discourse Analysis - Assignment Example Through investigation of three paradigms: empirical, interpretive and critical, the research uncovered that the dominant discourse is that such bias is not present in the health services sector and that perceptions of discrimination is a product of pre-existing lack of self-esteem and lack of resiliency as a result of cultural inadequacies prevalent in aboriginal cultures. It was discovered that power is maintained in the health sector while deliberate or unconscious marginalization against aborigines dominates the Canadian social and professional sentiment about aborigines. The study concludes that while the researcher has personally observed these biased attitudes, culpability for negative health outcomes on aborigines may be attributable to these populations themselves. Despite the fact that the Canadian health care system provides a legislative framework for ensuring equity of care provision for all members of Canadian society, discrimination seems to be still prevalent in the nursing profession. Bias can be oftentimes observable when providing care to aboriginal members of society, namely against those sharing ethnic characteristics of Indian, MÃ ©tis and Inuit native peoples. Anti-aboriginal discrimination manifests itself through stereotyping, which stigmatizes these society members even in the health care environment. Long-standing stereotypes often portray aboriginals as being pervasive drug users, violent and incessantly unemployed (de Leeuw, Kobayashi & Cameron, 2011). The most prominent label marginalizing Canadian aboriginals is that they are highly dependent on welfare programs and incompetent to the degree that their affairs should be fully supervised by the Canadian federal government (Erickson, 2005). In the health care sector, Canadian aboriginals seek health services, though disproportionate in frequency to non-aboriginal patients.

Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

Blood Brothers Essay Hoe does Russell create a sense of tension and conflict for the audience between Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone in the play Blood Brothers ? Willy Russell creates a sense of tension and conflict between the two main female characters in the play which are Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons. Russell uses many different techniques to do this. Willy Russell creates a sense of tension and conflict for Mrs Johnstone immediately because she is a mother with a lot of children, no husband, very little money and she is pregnant. This creates a sense of tension and conflict because she is a single mother that has to take care of her children with very little money and she is in debt which she cant pay off: Next week, next week. Next week never arrives around here, Id be a rich man if next week ever came this was said by the milkman. This explains that she owes money to people and she cant pay them off, she keeps coming up with excuses. Mrs Johnstone gets a lot of tension and conflict in her life which affects her children: mam, how come Im on free dinners? All the other kids laugh at me. This quote explains that because Mrs Johnstone is quite poor her children have to have free dinners and her children dont like that. Mrs Johnstone has conflict and tension because she cant feed her children properly: ey mother Im starving an theres nothing in. There never bloody well is. This explains that Mr Johnstone can not get much food to feed her children because she has not got much money because she is the only person providing money in the family and she got quite a big family too. Willy Russell creates more conflict and tension in the play for Mrs Johnstone because she has already got so many problems and she cant feed her children properly, then she hears that she is having twins, that creates tension and conflict immediately for her : with one more baby we could have managed but not with two. The welfare have already been on me they say incapable of controllin the kids I already got. They say I should put some of them in care, but I wont, I love the bones of every one of them, but like they say in welfare kids cant live on love alone. This proves that Mrs Johnstone loves her children very much and she is threatened by welfare and she could not manage with one more mouth to feed let alone two, so that creates tension and conflict immediately in Mrs Johnstones life. Mrs Johnstone got so many childrens because her husband was a womaniser. Willy Russell creates a sense of tension for Mrs Lyons because she is the complete opposite of Mrs Johnstone, she is a lone woman with no children although she has got money and a husband. Mrs Lyons has a big house to her self in which she passes time alone while her husband is always away for several months on business. This creates a sense of tension and conflict for Mrs Lyons because she bought a big house for her future children which she doesnt have: actually Mrs Johnstone we bought such a large house for the- for the children. We thought children would came along. This quote proves that Mrs Lyons wants a child it is the emptiness she feels in her life. Mrs Lyons always dreamed about having a child of her own: each day I look out from this window, I see him with his friends, I hear him call, I rush down but as I fold my arms around him, hes gone. Was he ever there at all? Willy Russell creates more tension and conflict in the play when Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone get together. Mrs Lyons creates a sense of tension and conflict for Mrs Johnstone immediately when she hears Mrs Johnstone is having twins. She asks Mrs Johnstone to give her one of the twins, she forces and sorts of persuades her by using excuses like already youre being threatened by the welfare people. Mrs Johnstone With two more children how can you possibly avoid some of them being put into care? At least if the child is with me youd be able to see him every day as you come to work; Because of her excuses, Mrs Johnstone gives one of the twins away when they are born. Mrs Lyons creates more tension and conflict for Mrs Johnstone when she informs Mrs Johnstone that she has to leave her employment and she says she cant see her baby any more and she uses superstition They They say that if either twin learns that he once was a pair, they shall both immediately die. They shall be raised apart and never told what was once the truth. When Mrs Johnstone hears that she gets scared and that creates tension and conflict in Mrs Johnstones life. Mrs Johnstone creates a sense of tension and conflict for Mrs Lyons also because when the two brothers starts to grow up, they start becoming friends and then they become blood brothers, this creates tension and conflict for Mrs Lyons because she is trying to stop them finding out that they are real brothers and that Mrs Johnstone is the birth mother. Mrs Lyons son starts to get in trouble staying with Mickey who is Mrs Johnstones son Mrs Johnstone creates more tension and conflict for Mrs Lyons when Mrs Lyons moves houses and goes away from Mrs Johnstone willing not to see them again, but Mrs Johnstone moves houses as well after some time then they find out that theyre in the some place living near to each other again and both of the brothers are growing up together. Finally to end this essay I think Willy Russell used both tension and conflict . He did this by making Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons like real life characters. Some of the problems they go through are similar to what people in real life would go through.

Differentiation in the Marketing of Fashion Clothes

Differentiation in the Marketing of Fashion Clothes Consider current practices of differentiation in the marketing of fashion clothes Report on: a) The current situation in the UK and regional markets (market segments, key players, sales practices, trends, opportunities and threats) The UK clothing market is essentially mature, following changes in the profile of the UK retail market for clothing during the 1990s. There was a major shift away from traditional sources of purchasing, such as department stores, clothing independents and variety stores, in favour of discounters, supermarkets and sports outlets. This reflects the ‘casualisation’ of the UK and the downward pressure of cheaper, imported products on retail price levels. Shopping for clothing and footwear is increasingly moving away from the traditional high street locations to out-of-town shopping centres, where families may typically spend a good part of a day browsing and shopping in a wide range of stores, rather than visiting their local high street to shop in specific outlets. Mainstream women’s clothing is still strongly populated by private labels from variety stores, such as Marks Spencer or Bhs, and clothing specialists, such as Next, River Island and Principles. Premium product ranges remain focused primarily on department stores and there is some degree of â€Å"trading up† to labels such as Alexon, Planet, Viyella or Jaeger by consumers with greater disposable income levels (Global Market Information Database, 2005). Discounters significantly strengthened their share of consumer purchasing over the last two decades, largely due to the success of the Matalan and Primark chains. However, there are indications in the last two years that strong growth in the position of supermarket groups, largely due to their expansion into fashion wear, is beginning to shift value-driven purchasing in their favour away from discounters, though this shift is not yet decisive. Supermarkets are becoming increasingly involved in clothing; with companies suc h as Asda, Tesco and J Sainsbury have all launched clothing collections under a brand identity during the past few years. For example, J Sainsbury commissioned fashion designer Jeff Banks to launch a clothing range and Asda’s George at Asda range quickly became well-established, making supermarkets increasingly key players in the market. However, supermarkets still tend to focus on price, rather than fashion, and are thus not yet truly key players on the scale of Marks and Spencer, Next and Matalan (Global Market Information Database, 2005). The UK consumer increasingly regards an item of clothing or footwear as a disposable item, rather than an investment and this has affected both consumers’ approaches to purchasing decisions, and the fashion marketers’ sales practices. Whilst quality remains important, as an item must be fit for use, fashion styles play a much greater role in everyday purchasing than previously, so that a piece of clothing may not be expected to last longer than one season. This, in turn, places an emphasis on price levels; and the significantly increased availability of ‘value’ brands in supermarkets and discounters, which stimulates volume purchasing without contributing to value sales development. There is also a growing emphasis on purchasing clothing for leisure use, which has a direct impact on the sales practices used, and on their styling. The dramatic increase in purchasing of sports clothing and footwear during recent years was largely underwritten by fashion marke ting, rather than by a significantly higher level of participation in active sports. Although a necessary requirement of life, which requires regular replacement for functional reasons, let alone in response to fashion trends, clothing sales show an increasing trend of been strongly affected by price discounting during recent years (Global Market Information Database, 2005). Increased competition at retail level, particularly due to the growing involvement of supermarkets and discounters, is causing deflation on prices in most UK clothing and footwear. This situation has been further exacerbated by the growing globalisation of product supply, with formerly UK production increasingly relocated to low-cost production units in the Far East and Eastern Europe. This major shift of production of clothing away from the UK to low-cost production locations, primarily in Asia-Pacific or Eastern Europe, has raised marketing threats for several UK companies over ethical issues surrounding the reported exploitation of cheap labour in these overseas production units. There was extensive media coverage of Marks Spencers decision to abandon its previous strategy of sourcing the majority of its products from UK production (Global Market Information Database, 2005) To compensate for this shift in production, leading UK manufacturers began to emphasise their extensive expertise in product design, which adds value to the finished product. This offers an excellent opportunity for companies with the necessary experience to design and market new ranges of products with lower production overheads. b) Your assessment of the marketing strengths and weaknesses of the key players in terms of branding, reputation, differentiation and elements of the marketing mix. Marks Spencer has historically had a reputation as a leading retailer in the UK’s clothing sector, and this is a position that the company undoubtedly aspires to maintain. The bulk of its turnover is attributable to clothing, approximately 50%, and food, with 44%, (Global Market Information Database, 2005). However, as competition in the apparel sector intensified in the late 1990s, Marks Spencer struggled to maintain market share. Marks Spencer has always positioned and differentiated itself as offering reasonably priced, high quality and well-fitting clothes, but this marketing strategy received something of a battering at the end of the 20th century, as designers and commentators alike criticised the company for the very aspects of its brand which had traditionally attracted customers to the chain. However, Marks and Spencer’s marketing mix, primarily its design and quality, has received far more favourable press in recent years, and a renewed focus on casualwear and the core womenswear ranges, Per Una and Blue Harbour, have helped the company improve performance and regain market share (Strategic Direction, 2005). Matalan’s combination of low overheads, due to low cost out-of-town locations and overseas direct product sourcing, has enabled the chain to undercut high street competitors by as much as 50% on its own brands, and by as much as 35% on external branded products. Complementing its low price differentiation, Matalan also has an astute marketing mix. It operates as a clothing club: customers pay a mandatory  £1 membership fee for the privilege of shopping at the stores. Membership information also enables Matalan to use direct marketing and to target customers with catalogues and tailored clothing lines to meet demand (Rowley and Haynes, 2005) The potential of the discount clothing market remains significant. Marginally larger than its leading competitor, New Look, Matalan looks relatively well placed to make the most of burgeoning opportunities in the discount sector. However, the recent slowdown in the clothing market does not appear to have been to Matalan’s advantage . The company should be in a position to benefit from trading down by consumers in the event of economic down-turn, but recent figures suggest that consumers are shopping elsewhere to get the best deals on designer names, and that Matalan’s bargain image now counts against it in the increasingly celebrity image-driven fashion markets Next is one the major success stories of the upper end of the UK clothing mid-market. A retailer of fashionable, moderately priced clothing, for trendy men, women and children, Next offers products targeted at the top end of the mass market, and aims to combine individual styling with quality and value for money. Resisting the temptation to be overly trend setting, opting to differentiate itself by offering sensible and stylish clothing, rather than highly fashionable items, Next has maintained strong consumer loyalty. Since the early 1990s, Next has resisted all attempts to increase the number of clothing brands that it operates, convinced that diversification would ultimately be to the detriment of the Next brand. The success that it has achieved over many years as a result of product development, the progressive move to larger stores and the increase in the number of home shopping customers has convinced both the retailer itself and investors that it is right to continue with this marketing mix (Datamonitor, 2005) c) Your marketing recommendations for any organisation wanting to enter the market. In 2009, the United Kingdom apparel retail industry is forecast to have a value of $45.8 billion, an increase of 18.5% since 2004. The compound annual growth rate of the industry in the period 2004-2009 is predicted to be 3.4% (Datamonitor, 2005). This indicates that there will be space for new retailers to enter the market for clothing. However, consumer purchasing of clothing and footwear is now moving away from traditional outlets, such as department stores, variety stores and high street specialists, towards grocery supermarkets and discounters. This reflects a general move to out-of-town shopping, with consumers particularly attracted to the convenience of purchasing all their clothing items at the same time, and in the same store as they regularly buy groceries (Global Market Information Database, 2005) The brand name of an item of clothing also acts as a strong influence on the purchase decision, particularly among younger consumers. Peer pressure means that it is critically i mportant to be seen wearing the â€Å"right† brand of sportswear, and sales of children’s wear have been boosted by this fact in recent years. At the same time, parents are typically enjoying a greater degree of disposable income during the review period, which is increasingly focused on spending on fashion items for their children (Coughlan, 2006). Equally, the downward pricing trend in the UK fashion retail industry has led many retailers to focus upon profitability, rather than sales growth in recent years. Companies are continually trying to cut costs by utilizing measures such as larger retail formats, and by shifting production or changing their suppliers to lower cost regions in Latin America and Asia-Pacific. Some retailers have cut production and entered into niche markets in an attempt to add value to their business and improve margins. The UK retail industry is thus undergoing significant changes; traditionally dominated by high street retailers, supermarket chains such as ASDA and Tesco are expanding their clothing lines aggressively and gaining an increasing share of apparel sales. Originally the supermarkets purely focused on price to make their apparel attractive to British consumers and subsequently there was a certain stigma attached to their garments. However, as time has passed and supermarket labels have beco me more widely accepted, they are moving their range of clothes more upmarket, placing increased pressure on to traditional apparel retailers. Given this, any organization wanting to enter the UK fashion retail market is likely to have to differentiate itself based on brand, rather than quality or price. As new entrants will almost undoubtedly lack the buying power and reach of MS, Next, Matalan or Tesco, they would be better advised to concentrate on building a profitable niche, and the best way to do this is to make themselves a desirable brand. Given the preference for the latest fashions, at reasonable prices, with clothes only intended to last for the season they are purchased, the ability to react rapidly to changes in the market is also vital for any new entrant. This would differentiate them from the large chains, which often have structured, lean, and slow supply chains. Finally, although the need to base production facilities abroad, to take advantage of low labour costs, is now widely recognised as being vital to profitability, there have been high levels of negative publicity over potential â€Å"sweatshop† working practices. As such, a significant advantage can accrue to an organisation which differentiates itself on the basis of providing good wages and working conditions to its overseas workers, provided that the price of the clothes can still be kept competitive. References: Coughlan, S. (2006) Spoilt for choice. BBC News Magazine. Accessed 14th June 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5071222.stm Datamonitor (2005) Apparel Retail Industry Profile: United Kingdom. Global Market Information Database (2005) Clothing and Footwear in the United Kingdom. Euromonitor International. Rowley, J. and Haynes, L. (2005) Customer Relationship Management: The Matalan Way. Marketing Review; Vol. 5, Issue 2, p. 175. Strategic Direction (2005) Will the real Marks Spencers stand up?: Searching for that winning brand. Vol. 21, Issue 9, p. 28.

Floridian Lifestyle at the Crab Shack :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Floridian Lifestyle at Pinchers’ Crab Shack Nestled between a dilapidated pet shop and a mass-produced chain store lies Pinchers’ Crab Shack, a local dive of free spirits in the wilds of the stubborn and pompous Naples area. As Jimmy Buffett’s â€Å"Margaritaville† blares from a weathered jukebox nestled next to cases of unopened beer in a corner, the various smells of salt, frying foods, and vinegar assaults one’s senses. It is here in this atmosphere that Florida is truly found. Pinchers’ is a true haven of Floridian atmosphere. Whether the canopy of inflatable parrots and rafts or the walls of island memorabilia ranging from autographs to record covers to pictures of fish, Pinchers’ welcomes the diner with a flare of Caribbean leisure and pleasure. The style remains very familiar, from the open kitchen where chefs concoct the food before the patrons to the paper-bag coverings flung over the tables. Drinks come in jars, napkins are found in the form of paper towels situated next to the tables, and salt is found within a beer bottle. This is truly a welcoming restaurant which calls to the deepest senses of salt, sand, and seawater located in the depths of the soul. While at Pinchers’, be sure to sample several of the magnificent dishes. First and foremost are the fried clams, deeply fried strips of clam which dwarf a human finger. If one is not in the mood for fried food, try the King Crab Legs, an enormous rack of crab’s legs smothered in a rich butter sauce; not only is the crab delicious, but it is interactive as one gets to smash the legs to get to the meat. If simple seafood is what one craves, go for the scallops, richly broiled in a wine sauce leaving the mouth craving more. Last, finish the dinner with a piece of Key Lime Pie, the traditional dessert of Florida and the best pie found this side of Key West. This wonderful dive truly shows the natural Floridian lifestyle. The waitresses in tank tops and shorts serve with a smile while the bar welcomes patrons wearing everything from traditional suits to Hawaiian tee shirts to bathing suits.

Guide for employers Essay

Eliminating would mean developing a zero tolerance anti-bully policy while the work environment is being structured to incorporate a sense of autonomy and individual challenge. The best way is to define specific duties and responsibilities of every employee working in the organization. This shall give one a good reference of what and what not to do as covered by the job description. People management practices of managers and work systems must be determined like staff shortages, poorly defined jobs, and lack of policies and procedures including leadership styles. A good and strong HR is but appropriate when there is a need for control of attitude and behavior like when the bullies are the managers. It is high time that HR shall have a distinct place in the organizational chart like organization reengineering that will really make them effective in responding to employee’s problems like sexual harassment, bullies, and workplace violence. However bullying is not always intentional. Workplace diversity also plays a minor role in it when people do not seem to realize that the effects on seemingly innocent gestures or words on others may be perceived negatively and may have a detrimental effect brought about by relative cultural differences. The organization then is encouraged to carefully design and implement an equal opportunity or diversity policies to initiate culture change and work ethics like what is and what is not an acceptable behavior. This will of course lessen counterproductive behaviors. Allow no idle time, see to it that each one is performing and completing their job on time. Preoccupation with the task on hand makes employees look and observe other people less. Idle times promotes chatting and looking at other people’s personal businesses. HR of course shall make use of productivity tools measurement like man-machine charts to make sure that employees used their time wisely but not overworked. The organization must promote team empowerment and group dynamics leadership to care for the values, interest and emotional responses of the members while taking care of the interests of the organization. Develop a code of ethics that everyone is able to understand and follow. HR needed to establish an independent contact with employees and secretly conduct attitude surveys especially on departments where there is high statistics of staff turnover. Eliminate trouble spots by holding awareness seminar and providing a kind of online hotline where employees may be able to tell their problems to HR direct. It could be a tedious task reading emails and complaints but there is not much option better than open communication. Procedure must be developed in handling complaints regarding bullying. The easiest part is to make a blog as part of the company website and encourage employees to contribute. One can know if something is happening within the organization or not by the way they write. To manage stress, deep rooted problems even domestic ones, big organizations must be able to have a counselor (Tehrani 2001, p. 209) offline and online. If it is too expensive then the organization must be able to refer them to one that is not so expensive and that can closely work with HR. Domestic problems has greater tendency to get spilled out in workplaces. Stress and anxiety affects productivity and so employers must provide all the features that could eliminate such deficiency. Domestic violence is not just a private matter anymore because it could get spilled in the workplace anytime. Bullying breed bullying and violence breeds violence. Bully and violence complaints must be immediately responded, investigated and properly documented. This will also paved way to improving current anti-bully policy on hand. Since this is a problem of global dimension, there is a need to evaluate the violence prevention programs and refer any difficulties to an organization that specializes in the field. Employers must keep records of the bullying to help determine the reasons for the bully to be able to find relative solutions for it. The anti-bully policy must be made available in the company’s website along with the organization’s contact person for quick reference. Remember that one is dealing with the behavior and not with the person so it would be good to provide counseling and personal development programs too. References ACT Workcover 2004 Preventing workplace bullying: a guide for employers and employees ACT, Australia, pp. 4. Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website: http://www. workcover. act. gov. au/pdfs/guides_cop/Bullying_Guide-Final. pdf SHARP 2006 Workplace bullying: what everyone needs to know Department of Labor and Industries, Western Australia, pp. 1. Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website: http://www. lni. wa. gov/Safety/Research/Files/Bullying. pdf Tehrani, N. 2001 Building a culture of respect: managing bullying at work Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 209. The CMR Group 2006 Workplace bullying: what can you do? Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website: http://www. badbossology. com/i9763-c47

Comparison of Wuthering Heights & Madame Bovary on the Conventions of Popular Romantic Fiction.

The novels, Charlotte Bronte's Wuthering Heights and Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary both vary on the conventions of popular romantic fiction. Wuthering Heights does this in several ways. For example, in the ever standing issue of social standing in novels of Bronte's era. Catherine is of a much higher social standing than Heathcliff, whose social standing was first elevated by his adoption by Catherine father, Mr Earnshaw, and then degraded after the death of Mr Earnshaw by Hindley. This aspect of the novel is relatively conventional.Social standing has always been a big issue for the couples of the fiction of that era. What made the situation between Catherine and Heathcliff different, however, is that they didn't triumph over it as is the convention of other romantic novels, like Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. Instead, Catherine married the man who was of better social standing, and who would elevate hers as well, Edgar Linton, instead of Heathcliff, whom she is quoted to say ing that it would â€Å"degrade [her] to marry Heathcliff now. â€Å"Another way, a more significant way, that Wuthering Heights varies on convention is the characters. The characters of Wuthering Heights are far from the conventional characters in romantic fiction. Catherine, as the novel's lead female character, is conventionally beautiful and strong willed, is also conflicted, violent and temperamental, much unlike the conventional heroine, who is usually more moral. Edgar, who is the ‘rival' of the story, is a far cry from the conventional rival, who is usually so obviously wrong for the heroine.Edgar Linton, instead, is a well-mannered and virtuous gentleman, who truly loves and cares about Catherine. After her death, he buries her in a spot overlooking the moors, a place he knew Catherine loved, and was even buried beside her after his death. Heathcliff is probably the best example of this point. He is possibly the most unconventional male lead in fiction history. The conventional character being a man of virtue and grace, a person more like Edgar Linton. Heathcliff, on the other hand is a hard man, cruel and vengeful. He vows and exacts revenge on many occasions in the novel.He punishes Hindley for his own cruelty towards him over the years when he returns successful and wealthy. He punishes innocent Isabella, in place of Edgar, who he blames for Catherine's illness. He even punishes Catherine by eloping with Isabella, for her betraying him by marrying Edgar. He holds on to his hatred, and his plan for revenge extended to next generation. He is cruel and threatening, even threatening to hold Nelly prisoner when she stopped him from seeing Catherine, scaring her into agreeing to bring her a letter from him.Of course, the most significant way that this novel varies on convention is the extent of Catherine and Heathcliff's love for each other. It is, after all, their love that has made Wuthering Heights one of the greatest love stories in history. They loved each other their entire lives, loved to a point where they felt like they were the same person. A feeling Catherine expressed more than once in the novels, â€Å"It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him: and that, not because he's handsome, Nelly, but because he's more myself than I am.Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Linton's is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire. † when speaking about her decision to marry Edgar Linton instead of Heathcliff, and again, â€Å"My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being† when speaking to Nelly about being separated from Heathcliff.Their love for each other that went to such an extent is unconventional by all means. Heathc liff on the other hand, showed the extent of his love for Catherine numerous times in the novel, for example, when she lay sick before him, and he told her that while he could forgive her for causing him pain, he could never forgive her for the pain she had caused herself. Even in this way, their love is shown to be unconventional from the love between other couples in popular fiction. Heathcliff's love for her is not the conventional fluff, and instead is something that ran much deeper.He could forgive her for the years of torment he had endured, but could not come to forgive her for being the cause of her own pain. This brings us to the second novel at hand, Flaubert's Madame Bovary. In contrast to Heathcliff and Catherine's deep love for each other, the situation in Madame Bovary is quite different. Emma's feelings for Charles Bovary is hardly passionate, first based on her own fantasies about marriage and then practically non-existent. Instead, she is disgusted by him, seeing hi m as inferior, unattractive and less than she deserves.A feeling made clear by Flaubert's description of a mealtime in the Bovary household from Emma's point of view early in the story, â€Å"But it was above all at mealtimes that she could bear it no longer, in that little room on the ground floor, with the smoking stove, the creaking door, the oozing walls, the damp floor-tiles; all the bitterness of life seemed to be served to her on her plate, and, with the steam from the boiled beef, there rose from the depths of her soul other exhalations as it were of disgust.Charles was a slow eater; she would nibble a few hazel-nuts, or else, leaning on her elbow, would amuse herself making marks on the oilcloth with the point of her table-knife. † Charles' adoration of her, on the other hand, is overwhelming and blind. He adores her to a point where he doesn't see the obvious signs of her infidelity. The man Emma really adored, Rodolphe, is enraptured only by her beauty, and he grew tired of her.A polar opposite to Heathcliff and Catherine's love, the relationships between Emma and her lovers are lustful, selfish, and lacks any regard for the other person. This lack of real love or passion, and Emma's infidelity is what makes Madame Bovary a unique read in terms of romantic fiction. Romantic fiction is conventionally a love story between two people. Madame Bovary, instead, in the story of a young woman who is desperate to fulfil her impossible fantasy of love, and the men who becomes involved in her search in making that fantasy real.Flaubert explains her misconception of love and expectation with â€Å"Love, [Emma] felt, ought to come at once, with great thunderclaps and flashes of lightning; it was like a storm bursting upon life from the sky, uprooting it, overwhelming the will and sweeping the heart into the abyss. It did not occur to her that the rain forms puddles on a flat roof when drainpipes are clogged, and she would have continued to feel secure if she had not suddenly discovered a crack in the wall. The presence of Heathcliff and Catherine's unending and unconditional love for each other, or Emma's utter lack of real love in her relationship with her husband, or Rodolphe's towards her, makes Wuthering Heights a more conventional love story in comparison. Madame Bovary sets itself apart even more with the constant presence of Emma's infidelity and the lust that surrounds her. Similarly to Wuthering Heights, the characters of Madame Bovary are also very unconventional compared to the characters of popular romantic fiction.Emma, the story's heroine, much like Catherine, made the choices in her life that would be the cause of her own pain. Emma, although like Catherine, is beautiful as is the convention, unlike the conventional image of a female lead in a romantic fiction novel, is instead, selfish, morally corrupt and unappreciative of her life's blessings. Charles is also a character that is very unconventional.He is portrayed to be a weak and pathetic man, madly in lot with a woman who is disgusted by him, and yet so blinding is his adoration of her that he cannot see it. He is incompetent, stupid and unimaginative. The first time he says something meaningful in the novel, is toward the end, when he is speaking to Rodolphe, he blames fate for the sad life he has, earning him only Rodolphe's disdain, certainly a far cry from the conventional male lead, masculine, strong and charming.A far cry also from the Heathcliff's character, who although was cruel, was also intelligent, competent and strong willed. Rodolphe, himself, is world's away from the rival of Wuthering Heights, Edgar Linton. Rodolphe is shrewd and manipulative, seducing Emma with an almost strategic precision, only to abandon her when she falls into debt. These two books are obviously, far from the conventional love story, and it is the fact that they are so far from conventional that makes them the classics they are today.

Ballet Original

Ballet is a dance-drama performed by one or more dancers accompanied by music. Dancing, music, scenery, and costumes are combined with colorful artistry to express a mood, theme, or story. The dancers perform steps and pantomime carefully worked out by a dance arranger called a choreographer. Professional ballet dancing is a highly disciplined art that can be learned only through years of training. Dancers practice daily and masters the basic movements and steps so thoroughly that they are applied automatically when performing.Lessons for amateurs, including children, teach good posture and bodily grace and increase appreciation for professional performances. The purpose of this study is to know the in-depth history and of development of ballet. II. Discussion A. Development of ballet Ballet grew out of Renaissance court entertainments that were a mixture of dancing, singing, and acting. It became a serious art form in France during the reign of Louis XIV when it moved out of the cou rt ballroom and onto the theatrical stage.Jean Baptiste Lully, a French-Italian composer and dancer, included ballet interludes in his operas and in 1681 introduced women dancers to the public stage. About 1700 Pierre Beauchamp, A French dancing master who often collaborated with Lully, established the five positions of the feet on which all ballet steps are now based (Anderson, 2001). Ballet spread throughout Europe in the 18th century and the dancers became more skilled. Ballet costume, especially the women’s long, heavy dresses and high-heeled shoes, greatly restricted movement and made jumping steps difficult to perform.Marie Camargo and Marie Salle were among the ballerinas who advocated freer movement. Camargo wore ankle-length skirts and heelless shoes, and is credited with introducing the entrechat-quatre. Salle often danced in a simple draped gown, stressing expressive, natural movement. About the middle of the 18th century Jean Georges Noverre, a French dancer and c horeographer, led the movement that established the ballet d’action (dramatic ballet). The spoken interludes that furthered the plot were replaced by pantomime and the corps de ballet became more important (Pasevska, 2000).Gaetan Vestris and his son Auguste were the unrivaled male dancers of the period. In the Nineteenth Century there were many changes in ballet. The ballerina added the technique of dancing sur les pointes (on her toes) and reduced the male dancer to the role of an unimportant partner. The Romantic Movement in literature, music, and painting also affected ballet. Mythological subjects were discarded in favor of themes based on the supernatural and on folk legends. Maria Taglioni, Fanny Elssler, and Carlotta Grissi were among the great ballerinas of the Romantic era.Taglioni introduced the tutu while dancing in La Sylphide (1832); Elssler introduced the character dance, a stylized folk dance. Grissi created the title role of Giselle (1841), the classic ballet of the Romantic age (Clarke & Crisp, 2000). Carlo Blasis, an Italian dancer and teacher, established a system of dance training in The Code of Terpsichore (1830) and is credited with originating the attitude pose. Blasis’s theories were carried to Russia, which became the ballet center in the second half of the century. Marius Petipa, a French dancer and ballet master working in St.Petersburg, created the full-length (three- or four-act) classic ballet. Classic ballets, such as The Sleeping Beauty (1890) and Swan Lake (1895), emphasized dancing for the sake of dancing. Costume, scenery, story, and music played a minor role so as not to distract from the dancing. Twentieth-century Reforms. Many Russian dancers rejected the spectacular entertainment style of the classic ballet. As early as 1904 Michel Fokine, a dancer and choreographer, submitted his plan for ballet reform to the Imperial Theater.He believed the dancing should express the feelings of the characters portrayed an d that the music, decor, and theme should be in harmony, complementing each other. After seeing the American dancer Isadora Duncan performed in 1905, Fokine incorporated her ideas of freedom of movement and rhythmic expression into the discipline of ballet (Koegler, 2002). When the Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev presented the Ballets Russes in Paris in 1909, Fokine was the choreographer. His Les Sylphides marked the beginning of the modern era of ballet.Leading composers, artists, and writers created music, stories, and decor (scenery and costumes) for ballets Russes performances. Fokine created The Firebird (1910) and Petrouchka (1911), both with music by Igor Stravinsky. Ballets Russes dancers included Anna Pavlova, Ida Rubinstein, Adolphe Bolm, and Vaslav Nijinsky and his sister Bronislava. Nijinsky choreographed three famous ballets—Afternoon of a Faun (1812) and Jeaux (1913), both with music by Debussy, and The Rite of Spring (1913), with music by Stravinsky.After 19 14, Leonide Massine became the leading choreographer of the Ballets Russes. He created Parade (1917), music by Eric Satie, story by Jean Cocteau, decor by Picasso; and The Three-Cornered Hat (1919), music by Manuel de falla and decor by Picasso (Dufort, 2004). Throughout the 1920’s the Ballets Russes was the outstanding company, performing throughout Europe and the Americas. Ballet after Diaghilev. In the 1920’s and after Diaghilev’s death in 1929, many dancers and choreographers formed their own schools and companies. Massine became choreographer of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo.In England, Ninette de Valois founded a dance school and company that became the Sadler’s Wells Ballet (now Royal Ballet) and featured such dancers as Alicia Markova, Frederick Ashton, and Margot Fonteyn. Serge Lifar revitalized the Paris Opera Ballet. George Balanchine came to the United States in 1933 and with Lincoln Kirstein formed the School of American Ballet and the Amer ican Ballet (later New York City Ballet). Ballet Theatre (now American Ballet Theatre), formed in 1939 by Lucia Chase, presented ballets by American choreographers and composers as well as classic and contemporary European ballets.The repertoire included Eugene Loring’s Billy the Kid (1938) and Agnes de Mille’s Rodeo (1942), both with music by Aaron Copland; Pillar of Fire (1942) by the Emglish choreographer Anthony Tudor; and Jerome Robbins’ and Leonard Bernstein’s Fancy Free (1944). Nora Kaye, Alicia Alonso, and David Lichine were among the leading dancers (Kuklin, 2000). Ballet Theatre played a major role in the development of American theatrical dance in the 1940’s. International Growth. After World War II ballet became increasingly popular, and numerous, diverse ballet companies flourished.The Royal Danish Ballet became noted for the agility of its male dancers and for its performances of August Bournonville’s 19th-century Danish ballet s, such as Konservatoriet. Of the more than 30 ballet companies in the Soviet Union, Moscow’s Bolshoi Ballet and Leningrad’s Kirov Ballet gained international fame. Among the outstanding companies are Netherlands Dance Theater and Maurice Bejart’s Brussels-based ballet of the 20th Century. Both companies present many experimental ballets (Koegler, 2002).The National Ballet of Canada and Germany’s Stuttgart Ballet became known for their performances of both narrative and abstract ballets. In the United States there has been a spectacular growth of interest in ballet. More than 100 amateur regional ballet companies have been formed along with numerous professional groups. American Ballet Theatre and the New York City Ballet became the major companies, winning international acclaim. The Joffrey Ballet became nationally known for presenting 20th-century standard works, such as Parade, as well as new avant-garde ballets, such as The Relativity of Icarus (1974) .By the 1980 ballet’s dancing and choreographer styles varied widely. The distinction between ballet and modern dance grew narrower as many companies fused the technical discipline of ballet with the freedom of modern dance (Clarke & Crisp, 2000). III. Conclusion In conclusion, ballet has contributed a lot in the dance industry. Ballet groups appear in full-length ballets (divided into acts and scenes) and in programs made up of two or more shorter ballets. Ballets are sometimes included in operas, musical comedies, and other stage, television, and screen productions.The music may be written originally for ballet or adapted from other music. Reference: 1. Anderson, Jack (2001). Choreography Observed (University of Iowa). 2. Clarke, Mary & Clement Crisp (2000). The Ballet Goer’s Guide (Knopf). 3. Dufort, Anthony (2004). Ballet Steps: Practice to performance (Crown). 4. Koegler, Horst (2002). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Ballet, 5th edition (Oxford University). 5. Ku klin, Susan (2000). Reaching for Dreams: a Ballet from Rehearsal to Opening Night (Lothrop, Lee & Shephard). 6. Pasevska, Anna (2000). Ballet from the First Plie to Mastery (Princeton Book).